Sanctions are forceful measures taken by countries or organizations to pressure states, groups, or individuals to change their ways. These can be economic restrictions (limited trade, frozen assets), diplomatic actions (reduced communication, expelling diplomats), or even military limitations (travel bans, arms restrictions). The goal is to influence behavior, like stopping human rights abuses or promoting democracy. While effective in some cases, sanctions can have unintended consequences for civilians and their success hinges on international cooperation.